Questionnaires - ShowEvaluation

The questionnaire submitted to the company is below, partially pre-filled on the base on the information collected by the OpenCorporation staff.

CARGLASS did not fill the questionnaire.

Registry

1. Ragione sociale

CARGLASS

2. Report submitted by the company management or trade union / employee representatives

3. Ruolo ricoperto in azienda da parte di chi compila

KeyRole - Chairman
KeyRole - CEO
KeyRole - Human Resources
KeyRole - CSR
KeyRole - Industrial relations
KeyRole - Communication Public Relations

4. Global Ultimate Ownership (GUO)

D'IETEREN NV/SA

5. Paese (GUO)

Belgium

6. Eventuale impresa controllante

BELRON SA BELRON PARTICIPATIONS B.V. D'IETEREN NV/SA

7. Forma giuridica

Limited liability company with share capital divided into units
Limited liability company
Listed liability company with share capital divided into units

8. È una SE (Societas Europaea)?

9. LEI (Legal Entity Identifier)

549300G1BP6D19KS1315

10. BVD Codice identificativo

BE0432023845

11. ID nazionale

0432.023.845

12. Numero Registro Imprese

0432.023.845

13. Partita IVA

0432.023.845

14. Partita IVA europea

15. Sede Legale

Belgium

16. Numero di azionisti

> 15%

17. Informazioni sugli azionisti principali

BELRON SA BELRON PARTICIPATIONS B.V. D'IETEREN NV/SA

18. Numero di sussidiarie

19. Città

HASSELT

20. Paese

Belgium

21. Sito Web

www.carglass.be

22. ISO Codice Paese

23. Borsa principale

24. Numero ISIN

25. Simbolo Ticker

26. Dichiarazioni e trattati riconosciuti dal Paese dove ha sede legale

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Yes

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)

Yes

Charter of Fundamental Rights of CDFL Workers (Strasbourg Charter 1989)

Yes

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union EU CFR (Nice Charter 2000)

Yes

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union TFEU

Yes

Registered office in an OECD country

Yes

ILO C029 - Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29)

Yes

ILO C087 - Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87)

Yes

ILO C098 - Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98)

Yes

ILO C100 - Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100)

Yes

ILO C105 - Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105)

Yes

ILO C111 - Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111)

Yes

ILO C138 - Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138)

Yes

ILO C182 - Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)

Yes

Governance

27. Numero componenti nel Consiglio di Amministrazione (CDA)

28. Numero direttori indipendenti nel CDA

Direttori indipendenti: per “indipendente” si intendono membri non dipendenti della azienda, che non hanno ricevuto un compenso importante dalla azienda e non sono collegati con i diversi Direttori/executive di impresa.

29. Numero donne nel CDA

30. Dualità del CEO (Chief executive Officer)

Si intende duale nel caso che ricopra sia il ruolo di “garanzia e controllo” oltre che di “gestione dell’amministrazione”.

31. Come è composta la Governance?

Doesn't answer
Board of Directors
Board of Directors and supervisory board
Board of directors plus supervisory board with presence of workers
Board of Directors plus Board of Statutory Auditors
Board of directors plus audit with external professionals

32. Compenso totale del CEO

in Euro

33. Retribuzione compensativa del CEO

in Euro

34. Data del compenso

35. Il Compenso del CEO è legato anche alla dimensione ambientale e sociale?

36. Management

Current number of Directors and Managers

Name of the current Chief Executive Officer

Mr Gerard Damski

Gender

Date of birth

1964/01/02

Country

Belgium

Professional profile of the Chief Executive Officer

Director

Sanctions to the Chief Executive Officer

Number of companies where the CEO has a role

Sector Employment

37. Attività economiche

Primary NACE code

4520

Description of primary NACE code

Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles

Secondary NACE code

2311

Description of secondary NACE code

Manufacture of flat glass

Brief description of activity

This company is engaged in the provision of vehicle glass repair and replacement services. It was incorporated in 1987 and has registered headquarters located in Hasselt, Belgium. The company provides replacement of side windows, windshield, and rear windows, as well as reset the windscreen star. It also caters small body repair services including repair of aluminum rims, updating scratches or paint damage, and headlight repairs. It also provides a range of handy products like windscreen wipers, fire extinguishers, reflective spray and car body care products and interior design. It has its active operations in the domestic market. The company is a subsidiary of Belron Group.

38. Occupazione per Paese (ultimo anno)

Austria-Total employed

Belgium - Total employed

Bulgaria-Total employed

Cyprus-Total employed

Croatia-Total employed

Denmark-Total employed

Estonia-Total employed

Finland-Total employed

France-Total employed

Germany-Total employed

Greece-Total employed

Ireland-Total employed

Italy-Total employed

Latvia-Total employed

Lithuania-Total employed

Luxembourg-total employed

Malta-Total employed

Netherlands-Total employed

Poland-total employed

Portugal-Total employed

United Kingdom-Total employed

Czech Republic - Total employed

Romania-Total employed

Slovakia-Total employed

Slovenia-Total employed

Spain-Total employed

Sweden-Total employed

Hungary-Total employed

39. Occupazione mondo

Workers [2017]

687

Workers [2016]

671

Workers [2015]

676

Workers [2014]

690

40. Occupazione femminile mondo (in % su totale mondo)

Workers (t)

Workers (t-1)

Workers (t-2)

Workers (t-3)

Social Dialogue

41. Rispetto alle GUFs avete esperienze di pratiche di:

Global Union Federations: http://www.globalunions.org/aboutus.html

Social dialogue

Rights of information and consultation of employees or their representatives

Employee participation

GFA Global Framework Agreement

42. Rispetto alle ETUFs avete esperienze di pratiche di:

European Trade Union Federations: https://www.etuc.org/european-trade-union-federations-10-list-members

Social dialogue

Rights of information and consultation of employees or their representatives

Employee participation

Collective bargaining

43. Nel Paese in cui l'azienda ha sede legale ci sono delle restrizioni alle Libertà sindacali?

https://survey.ituc-csi.org/?lang=en

44. Quali direttive sono applicate alle sedi nella UE 27?

Directive 80/987/EEC

Yes

Directive 89/391/EEC

Yes

Directive 98/59/EC

Yes

Directive 2000/43/EC

Yes

Directive 2000/78/EC

Yes

Directive 2001/23/EC

Yes

Council Directive 2001/86/EC

Yes

Directive 2002/14/EC

Yes

Directive 2002/73/EC

Yes

Council Directive 2003/72/EC

Yes

Directive 2005/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council

Yes

Directive 2009/38/EC

Yes

Directive 2004/25/EC

Yes

Directive 2011/35/EU

Yes

45. L'Azienda è associata ad una organizzazione datoriale?

46. Contratti collettivi applicati

Global agreement (GFA)

Transnational agreements (TNCAs)

Transnational agreements by sector (e.g. Bangladesh Accord) or by company (e.g. Global works councils)

Agreement to set up the EWC or a representative body in the case of Societas Europaea

Yes

Joint statements

Collective labour agreement in all countries in which it operates

Company or supplementary collective labour agreement

47. In caso di accordo istitutivo di Cae o di un un organo di rappresentanza in caso di Societas Europaea (SE)

The text of the Agreement shall be made public

Yes

The Agreement was signed by a European Federation (ETUF) or affiliates

48. Inserire Link all'Accordo CAE se disponibile

http://www.ewcdb.eu/company/2634

49. In caso di Accordi Transnazionali

The text of the Agreement shall be made public

The Agreement was signed by a World Trade Union Federation (GUFs) or affiliates

50. Quali sono gli organismi di informazione e consultazione esistenti in ambito UE 27?

National information and consultation bodies under Directive 2002/14

Yes, in all company sites

National trade union information and consultation bodies under Directive 2002/14

Yes, in all company sites

Workers' health and safety representative within the meaning of Directive 89/391

Yes, in all company sites

Workers' representatives within the meaning of Directives 98/59 on collective redundancies and 2001/23 on the transfer of undertakings

Yes, in all company sites

Social Responsibility

51. Applicate Standard GRI Global reporting initiative

Non-response
No
Yes, GRI - G4
Yes, GRI standards
Citing_GRI

52. Indicare qui il link al database su GRI Reporting

53. Pubblicate il Bilancio Sociale

54. Pubblicate il Bilancio Integrato

No answer

55. Standard ISO applicati

ISO 9000 - Quality Management (from 9001 to 9004)

ISO 14000 - Environmental Management

ISO 26000 - Social responsibility

No answer

ISO 50001 - Energy Management

ISO 22000 - Food safety management

ISO 20121 - Sustainable events

ISO 37001 - Anti-bribery management systems

ISO 45001 - Occupational health and safety

ISO 20400 - Sustainable Procurement

56. Altri standard applicati

Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)

MCERTS (Environment Agency's Monitoring Certification Scheme)

Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)

No answer

57. Certificazioni sociali e altri standard di RSI applicati

SA8000 Social Accountability

ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy

OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises

No answer

OECD Principles for Corporate Governance

58. Global Compact

59. SDGs (Social Development Goals)

No answer

60. Applicate la Direttiva 95/2014 sulla comunicazione di informazioni di carattere non finanziario?

61. Se adottate linee guida OCSE, avete istanze presentate ai punti di contatto nazionali?

62. Se non adottate gli standard GRI ma avete predisposto un bilancio sociale, quali sono i temi regolati?

Transparency

Relations with suppliers

Relations with staff

Relations with the public

Reducing environmental risks

Moral and sexual harassment

63. Se non adottate gli standard GRI ma avete predisposto un bilancio sociale, quali sono gli attori/stakeholder coinvolti?

Trade union organisations

Local government

Consumer associations

Workers' representatives

NGO

Civil society representatives

64. Le politiche di CSR/ESG sono applicate anche a:

Domestic transactions

International transactions

Supply chain and outsourcing

Distribution

Franchising

After sales assistance

65. Quali sono gli strumenti utilizzati per verificare il rispetto delle politiche di CSR/ESG lungo la filiera?

Non-response
None
External Audit
Internal control

66. Adottate o promuovete pratiche di whistleblowing?

67. Se sì quali?

68. Partecipazione a ranking

Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations
Global CSR RepTrak 100
BrandZ Top 100 Most Valuable US Brands
The World's Best Multinational Workplaces
The Gartner Supply Chain Top 25
The World's Most Innovative Companies
The DiversityInc Top 50 Companies
Best Global Websites
Green Ranking Global Top 500
Green Ranking Global Top 100

69. Indicatori RepRisk

RepRisk indicator (last month)

n.a.

Peak RepRisk Indicator (Last 2 years)

n.a.

% RepRisk Environment

n.a.

% Social RepRisk

n.a.

RepRisk Governance %

n.a.

Job Conditions

70. Avete una policy sulla formazione?

71. Numero medio di ore di formazione/dipendente nell’ultimo anno

72. Programmi di skill management e lifelong learning per l'occupabilità continua dei dipendenti

73. Avete una policy a tutela del diritto alla salute e alla sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro dove opera l'azienda

74. Avete una policy a tutela del diritto alla salute e alla sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro lungo filiera

75. Numero di infortuni totale (ultimo anno disponibile)

76. Numero di infortuni mortale (ultimo anno disponibile)

77. Valutazione dei rischi psicosociali e di stress lavoro correlato

78. Riconoscimento di benefit aziendali

Supplementary pension plans

Health/additional health

Insurance for employees and families

Training and support for mobility

Hourly/work flexibility

Loans/loan repayments

Equal opportunities

Parental support

Reconciling life and work

Possibility of bringing children to work in case of need

Grant/Refund for registration at the Fitness Centres/Open Sports Facilities

Contribution to transport costs incurred by employees

Incentive for non-polluting means of transport

Corporate Car

PC/laptop/telephone

Measures to combat poverty or social exclusion

Welfare extended to the territory

Finance

79. Pubblicità del bilancio di esercizio/consolidato

80. Se sì, con quale livello di dettaglio?

Non-response
Reclassification item
Reclassification detail
Detail detailing financial investments and participations

81. Controllare, integrare o fornire dati quantitativi relativi a (dati in euro, migliaia)

Total assets [2017]

388.401,708

Total assets [2016]

359.029,602

Total assets [2015]

348.413,379

Total assets [2014]

341.037,986

Equity capital [2017]

241.292,603

Equity capital [2016]

240.334,953

Equity capital [2015]

238.395,84

Equity capital [2014]

234.210,091

Revenues (Net Sales) [2017]

230.319,226

Revenues (Net Sales) [2016]

213.304,955

Revenues (Net Sales) [2015]

204.419,775

Revenues (Net Sales) [2014]

202.704,837

Cost of production [2017]

Cost of production [2016]

Cost of production [2015]

Cost of production [2014]

labour costs [2017]

45.766,243

labour costs [2016]

42.698,796

labour costs [2015]

43.154,02

labour costs [2014]

41.682,99

Other operating expenses [2017]

Other operating expenses [2016]

Other operating expenses [2015]

Other operating expenses [2014]

Gross profit [2017]

Gross profit [2016]

Gross profit [2015]

Gross profit [2014]

R&D Research & Development [2017]

R&D Research & Development [2016]

R&D Research & Development [2015]

R&D Research & Development [2014]

Cash Flow [2017]

6.437,018

Cash Flow [2016]

7.190,523

Cash Flow [2015]

9.754,844

Cash Flow [2014]

11.250,076

Added value [2017]

56.894,843

Added value [2016]

54.823,774

Added value [2015]

58.778,613

Added value [2014]

57.784,924

Gross operating margin (Ebitda) [2017]

11.056,642

Gross operating margin (Ebitda) [2016]

11.993,162

Gross operating margin (Ebitda) [2015]

15.472,215

Gross operating margin (Ebitda) [2014]

15.860,9

Amortization, depreciation and write-downs [2017]

5.479,367

Amortization, depreciation and write-downs [2016]

5.251,411

Amortization, depreciation and write-downs [2015]

5.569,095

Amortization, depreciation and write-downs [2014]

5.969,083

Operating result (EBIT) [2017]

5.577,275

Operating result (EBIT) [2016]

6.741,751

Operating result (EBIT) [2015]

9.903,12

Operating result (EBIT) [2014]

9.891,817

Interests [2017]

3.313,857

Interests [2016]

2.791,593

Interests [2015]

2.829,749

Interests [2014]

1.200,683

extraordinary items [2017]

139,279

extraordinary items [2016]

198,432

extraordinary items [2015]

220,361

extraordinary items [2014]

166,007

Pre-tax result [2017]

2.196,096

Pre-tax result [2016]

3.883,542

Pre-tax result [2015]

7.005,388

Pre-tax result [2014]

8.766,161

Taxes [2017]

1.377,725

Taxes [2016]

2.142,862

Taxes [2015]

3.040

Taxes [2014]

3.651,175

Fiinancial P/L [2017]

-3.381,179

Fiinancial P/L [2016]

-2.858,21

Fiinancial P/L [2015]

-2.897,732

Fiinancial P/L [2014]

-1.125,656

Financial revenue [2017]

200,839

Financial revenue [2016]

189,238

Financial revenue [2015]

256,014

Financial revenue [2014]

235,278

Financial expenses [2017]

3.582,018

Financial expenses [2016]

3.047,448

Financial expenses [2015]

3.153,746

Financial expenses [2014]

1.360,934

Net income (Net Income) [2017]

818,371

Net income (Net Income) [2016]

1.740,68

Net income (Net Income) [2015]

3.965,388

Net income (Net Income) [2014]

5.114,986

82. Su quali criteri si basa la policy di investimento finanziario

Doesn't answer
Assessment based on performance only
Risk-based assessment
Assessment based on an internal responsibility code
Assessment based on parameters of social and environmental impact
Assessment with certification of ethical rating agencies

83. Adozione di azioni di ottimizzazione fiscale

Doesn't answer
None
Allocation of profits generated by companies to the jurisdiction with the lowest tax rate
Transfer pricing regulation (as provided for in the OECD guidelines)
Unbound on deductibility of payments made to a country with facilitated taxation
Non-imposition of withholding tax on transfers of money to countries with facilitated taxation
Non-introduction of exit taxation from tax havens, to be applied when liquidity is transferred from a country with facilitated taxation to highly taxed countries
Promotion of voluntary disclosure initiatives to highlight assets held in countries with reduced taxation

84. Azioni/attività/iniziative di charity (beneficienza)

85. Se Si, indicare URL o elenco attività/associazioni destinatarie

86. Indicatori finanziari

Profit per employee (th) [2017]

3,197

Profit per employee (th) [2016]

5,788

Profit per employee (th) [2015]

10,363

Profit per employee (th) [2014]

12,705

Operating revenue per employee (th) [2017]

340,876

Operating revenue per employee (th) [2016]

322,872

Operating revenue per employee (th) [2015]

308,634

Operating revenue per employee (th) [2014]

298,459

Costs of employees / Operating revenue (%) [2017]

19.543

Costs of employees / Operating revenue (%) [2016]

19.709

Costs of employees / Operating revenue (%) [2015]

20.684

Costs of employees / Operating revenue (%) [2014]

20.241

Average cost of employee (th) [2017]

66,618

Average cost of employee (th) [2016]

63,635

Average cost of employee (th) [2015]

63,837

Average cost of employee (th) [2014]

60,41

Shareholders' funds for employees (th) [2017]

351,226

Shareholders' funds for employees (th) [2016]

358,174

Shareholders' funds for employees (th) [2015]

352,657

Shareholders' funds for employees (th) [2014]

339,435

Working capital for employees (th) [2017]

43,159

Working capital for employees (th) [2016]

57,126

Working capital for employees (th) [2015]

48,131

Working capital for employees (th) [2014]

44,65

Total assets per employee (th) [2017]

565,359

Total assets per employee (th) [2016]

535,066

Total assets per employee (th) [2015]

515,404

Total assets per employee (th) [2014]

494,258

ROE using P/L before tax (%) [2017]

0.91

ROE using P/L before tax (%) [2016]

1.616

ROE using P/L before tax (%) [2015]

2.939

ROE using P/L before tax (%) [2014]

3.743

ROCE using P/L before tax (%) [2017]

1.667

ROCE using P/L before tax (%) [2016]

2.105

ROCE using P/L before tax (%) [2015]

3.12

ROCE using P/L before tax (%) [2014]

3.204

ROA using P/L before tax (%) [2017]

0.565

ROA using P/L before tax (%) [2016]

1.082

ROA using P/L before tax (%) [2015]

2.011

ROA using P/L before tax (%) [2014]

2.57

ROE using Net income (%) [2017]

0.397

ROE using Net income (%) [2016]

0.807

ROE using Net income (%) [2015]

1.756

ROE using Net income (%) [2014]

2.255

ROCE using Net income (%) [2017]

1.292

ROCE using Net income (%) [2016]

1.492

ROCE using Net income (%) [2015]

2.225

ROCE using Net income (%) [2014]

2.084

ROA using Net income (%) [2017]

0.247

ROA using Net income (%) [2016]

0.54

ROA using Net income (%) [2015]

1.201

ROA using Net income (%) [2014]

1.549

Diversity

87. Avete una policy sulle diversità?

88. Sono state adottate misure a sostegno della maternità e della genitorialità dei lavoratori?

Company nurseries

Playroom inside the company

Agreements with kindergartens/libraries in the vicinity of the company

Summer centres

Financial contributions for home and/or day-care babysitters

Reversible part time

Teleworking

Work at home

Time bank

Flexible time in or out

Flexibility on shifts

Concentrated timetable

Employment support upon return from maternity leave or parental leave

Training for reintegration after maternity or parental leave

89. È stato adottato il bilancio di genere?

90. Quali misure specifiche per favorire l’occupazione e la progressione di carriera femminile?

Training courses for the acquisition of specific skills intended solely for female workers

Training initiatives in sectors and levels where women are underrepresented

Encouraging applications from women for senior posts

Change in work organisation to facilitate the reconciliation of living and working time

Preference in recruitment of the candidate in case of equal merit with the male candidate

Monitoring of recruitment and career advancement of women

Study of the situations, levels and sectors in which pay differentials occur

Training courses/seminars on equality and equal opportunities for managers and employees

91. Organismi/Comitati di pari opportunità in azienda

92. Se Sì, con un budget di spesa finanziato dal datore di lavoro?

93. Quali misure per l'inclusione di lavoratori/trici con differenza di razza, di origine etnica e/o per la professione dei credi religiosi

Change in work organisation

Granting of permits

Flexible time in or out

Flexibility on shifts

Concentrated timetable

94. Utilizzo di lavoro minorile

95. Misure di contrasto al lavoro minorile

Not contracted with suppliers using child labor

Involves third party entities to monitor the phenomenon

Requires its suppliers to terminate their contractual relationships with any subcontractors who use child labor

Termination of contractual relationships with suppliers using subcontractors employing minors

96. Diffusione della cultura delle differenze e dei diritti umani

Training Courses/Internal Company Seminars

Funding of participation in training courses/seminars

Promotion and/or support of awareness campaigns

97. Condanne giudiziali aventi a oggetto casi di discriminazione e/o di molestie negli ultimi 5 anni?

Discrimination/gender harassment or sexual orientation

Discrimination/harassment by age or disability

Discrimination/harassment by race or ethnic origin

Discrimination/harassment on the grounds of religion or belief

98. Condanne giudiziali per motivi sindacali negli ultimi 5 anni?

99. Previsione di misure specifiche per la tutela della salute e della sicurezza delle lavoratrici e in relazione all'età e alla provenienza da altri Paesi

Provision of gender-differentiated protection measures

Provision of age-differentiated protection measures

Inclusion in risk assessment

Training and supervision in relation to age

Training and supervision in relation to provenance

100. Coinvolgimento dei rappresentanti dei lavoratori nell'adozione delle misure sul tema della diversità

Accessibility

101. Avete una policy di accessibilità?

102. Inserire URL della pagina sulla web policy

103. Accessibilità sito web, quali interventi avete applicato

Insertion of Tag Title and Alt in media and hypertext content (for the blind)

Use of correct fonts: Georgia, Times New Roman, San Serif, Verdana

Backgrounds with contrasting color and text

Character magnification with "3 A" positioning in the top right corner

Readable website adaptable to all new devices, from smartphones to tablets

104. Avete una politica specifica di inserimento lavorativo delle persone con disabilità?

105. Se Sì, quali?

Abatement of architectural barriers for disabled motors in every room of the 'company for full use and access to every single service

Dismantling of barriers for sensory disabled with tactile paths, sound signal floors, paths to the floors

Supply of food suitable for different food needs, including ethnic and religious ones (e.g. intolerances or allergies, celiac disease, kosher, halal, vegetarian, vegan)

Adoption of smart working (1) for temporary disabilities (2)

106. Se Sì, per quale tipo di disabilità?

People with motor disabilities

People with sensory disabilities

107. Adozione di programmi di formazione/aggiornamento dei lavoratori disabili?

108. Se Sì, come?

With qualified staff on the various disabilities with the peer-to-peer principle

With external experts

With refresher courses and information to all employees

109. La vostra azienda ha una politica di accessibilità, facilitazione al lavoro, di strumenti informatici?

110. Se Sì per quale tipo di disabilità?

People with motor disabilities

People with sensory disabilities

111. Coinvolgimento dei rappresentanti dei lavoratori per l'adozione di misure sul tema di accessibilità delle persone con disabilità

112. Per riunioni/meeting aziendali, quali policy per l’accessibilità esistono?

Abatement of architectural barriers for disabled motors in every room of the 'company for full use and access to every single service

Dismantling of barriers for sensory disabled with tactile paths, sound signal floors, paths to the floors

Supply of food suitable for different food needs (intolerances or allergies, celiac disease, kosher, halal, vegetarian, vegan)

Adoption of smart working (1) for temporary disabilities (2)

Environment

113. Avete una policy sull'ambiente?

114. Con quale frequenza vengono pubblicati i report di monitoraggio?

Non-response
Occasional
Biannual
Yearly

115. Coinvolgimento nelle policy di gestione del rischio ambientale

Unilaterally

With the workers' representatives

With its main suppliers/customers

With administrations and civil society directly or indirectly involved